This widespreadalmost civil disobedience, along with the daily demonstrations taking place on the street, signaled the iranian peoples challenge of the islamic government. The next iranian revolution with an end to sanctions in sight, one of the worlds richest oil and gas prizes is about to open up. Aug 17, 2009 remembering irans 1979 islamic revolution as part of a series of conversations marking 1979 as a seminal year in the muslim world, steve inskeep talks to iranian born journalist kasra naji about. Before the revolution western and secular influences on iranian society before the revolution. Celebrating its 35th anniversary, irans islamic revolution shocked the world and redrew the map of global alliances. The islamic revolution of 1979 took place in a nonarab country with a rich historical heritage, universalist pretentions and a political economy. Edward said and the iranian revolution david zarnett the iranian revolution was not only a godsend for those muslims who identified with its cause, it was also a blessing for those among the american left who saw it as a significant blow against the evil american empire. In the iranian revolution of 1979, ayatollah sayyid ruhollah musavi khomeini ousted mohammad reza pahlavi, who succeeded his father as shah of iran in the early 1950s. Iranian revolution, also called islamic revolution, persian enqelabe eslami, popular uprising in iran in 197879 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on february 11, 1979, and led to the establishment of an islamic republic. Following the success of the revolution, the islamists instituted a theocratic dictatorship and wiped out the workers movement and the left. By looking at the historical, domestic, international, and socioeconomic factors related to the revolution, this case study examines the turbulent context of iranian society in the 1970s and the crucial role that religion played in shaping modern iran. The safavid dynasty ruled iran until 1722, when an afghan army invaded the country and captured isfahan. Learn iranian revolution with free interactive flashcards.
James buchan considers ahmad kasravi, famed historian of irans democratic revolution. The iranian revolution of february 1979, by homa katouzian. The iranian revolution was the islamic revolution that replaced the secular monarchy of shah mohammad reza pahlavi with a theocracy led by ayatollah ruhollah khomeini its causes continue to be the subject of historical debate and are believed to have stemmed partly from a conservative backlash opposing the westernization, modernization and secularization efforts of the westernbacked shah. Jun 18, 20 go to to license any portion of this video. The shah of iran and the iranian revolution of 1979 by drew. In simple terms, the regime of muhammad reza shah pahlavi was overthrown by a coalition of opposition forces dominated by shii muslim fundamentalists. Outwardly, with a swiftly expanding economy and a rapidly modernizing infrastructure, everything was going well in iran. The islamic revolution of 1979 and irans green movement of 2009 name withheld university of pittsburgh, 2011. The sense that in both agriculture and industry too much had been. Ahmed afzaal he iranian revolution is one of the major sociopolitical upheavals in recent history. Iranian revolution 1979 iranian revolution 1979 religious.
The islamic revolution occurred in 1979, in the muslim majority country of iran. The process of an islamic revolution ii the iranian experience dr. Background and causes of the iranian revolution wikipedia. With respect to the islamic content of the iranian revolution, which was a movement for the.
The iranian revolution 1977 1979 download pdf version by stephen zunes april 2009. Covering islam took as its point of departure the iranian revolution, which by then had been fully counterrevolutionized by the forces of the ayatollah. As iranians head to the voting stations to choose their next president, we ta. Since early 1979, the iranians have provided some limited support to iraqi shia dissidents. Hobsbawm branded this revolution as one of the central social revolutions of the twentieth century. A multiclass opposition overthrew an autocratic ruler, leading to the establishment of a theocratic state. By the middle of the 20th century, iran was a country that enjoyed immense wealth built on.
The iranian revolution past, present and future brought the safavids into direct conflict with the ottoman empire and led to two centuries of intermittent warfare between those two powerful states. The process of an islamic revolutionii the iranian experience dr. Prince pahlavi later crowned shah reigned until the 1979 revolution with one brief. Reza shah, the elder pahlavi, came to power during the 1920s after promoting the idea of. Brief background information explains the underpinnings of the revolution and basic facts about islam, including the differences between shiite and sunni sects.
The 1979 iranian revolution council on foreign relations. The iranian revolution of 1979 was a pivotal moment in revolutionary history. The iranian revolution religious legitimacy accounts for the fifth ideological feature of the iranian revolution, namely the fact that while a mass uprising, it cannot be considered a demo cratic revolution. Shapour bakhtiar as his new prime minister with the help of supreme army councils couldnt control the situation in the country anymore. Westernization includes the improvement of transportation, communication, and industrialization, including the increased production of oil and roads. This support primarily has been propagandaleaflets and tape cassettes. The iranian revolution of 1979 was many years in the making. The iranian political elite, state and society relations, and foreign. The 1979 revolution, which brought together iranians across many different social groups, has its roots in irans long history.
Clerical errors the conflict in tehran between liberals and clergy is the tragedy of modern iranian history. This will enable us to examine iranian history since 1979 in. I could mention the estimates that if iran had kept on its pre 1979 trajectory, its gdp would be the largest in the middle east today and. Summer 2007 the iranian revolution was not only a godsend for those muslims who identified with its cause, it was also a blessing for those among the american left who saw it as a significant blow against the evil american empire. Shahs weak leadership, a military incapable of acting coherently to. Reza shah, the elder pahlavi, came to power during the 1920s after promoting the idea of 2,500 years of persian monarchy mohammadi 38. Irans peaceable relations with the united states of america. The iranian revolution a history and analysis of the revolution in which socialists aligned themselves with islamists to overthrow the westbacked shah. The role and contribution of ayatollah ruhollah khomeini article pdf available may 2012 with 12,543 reads how we measure reads. The iranian revolution was not only a godsend for those muslims who identified with its cause, it was also a blessing for those among the american left who saw it as. Revolutionary iran begins with the causes of the 1979 revolution. Islamic revolution background research maurawhite1.
From a minister to the shah to a leader of resistance by manouchehr ganji praeger, 2002 ps primary source a primary source is a work that is being studied, or that provides firsthand or direct evidence on a topic. But it was iran that gave the modern muslim world its first successful. Article information, pdf download for the revolution and the regime. The iranian revolution 1979 by louise zhang on prezi. Causes of the revolution discontent with the pahlavi rule exile of ayatollah khomeini social injustices violations against the iranian constitution of 1906 the city of tabriz. Civil resistance is a political action that relies on the use of nonviolent methods by civil groups to challenge a particular power, force, policy or regime. The organs of the iranian state serve the revolution, not the other way around. But in little more than a generation, iran had changed from a traditional, conservative, and rural society to one that was industrial, modern, and urban. These foreign policies have, at the same time, prevented the iranian revolution from playing the positive international role that it could potentially have fulfilled, particularly visavis the revolution in neighbouring afghanistan. The iranian revolution, its global impact is the study of a subject that is both vast and complex.
At the first signs of escalating unrest in early 1978, neither iranian nor u. One year after the fall of the shah, irans leaders appear more determined than ever to export their. Islamic revolution simple english wikipedia, the free. My brother of 17yo was in shahs jail for having read three books. The countrys name was changed from persia to iran in 1935. Iranian revolution and the islamic republic, its impact on the relationship between the state and the. Nuri, yahya, 1985, islamic government and revolution in iran, glasgow, royston first edition 1979. Bashiriyeh, hossein, 1984, the state and revolution in iran, london, croom helm. I investigate the role of ideology in the iranian revolution by contrasting the two periods of the pahlavi regime that witnessed popular uprising. This concise but informative history chronicles how the iranian revolution of 1979 transformed iran from a monarchy to a fundamentalist islamic republic. Islamist revolutionaries opposed the western secular policies of the authoritarian shah of iran mohammed reza pahlavi supporters of ayatollah khomeini organized protests in opposition to the authoritarian government of the shah.
His son, mohammad reza pahlavi was installed by the allies as monarch. And just like communism, a state was never the objective of the revolution. The iranian revolution at 30 middle east institute. It is the first study of its kind, done by some of the best specialists in the field, and is a welcome addition to the field of iranian studies. The iranian revolution of 197779 was the first in a series of mass popular civil insurrections which would result in the overthrow of authoritarian regimes in dozens of countries over the next three decades. That makes some nervous, but has oil majors and energyhungry. Yes, it was true that the western presswhich was one half of the pun about coveringhad been naive if not worse about the pahlavi regime. The iranian revolution was the islamic revolution that replaced the secular monarchy of shah.
The transformation of the state from a secular and nationalist monarchy to a. Jun 18, 2019 the revolution was mostly nonviolent, although there were incidents of armed struggle. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. I could mention the estimates that if iran had kept on its pre1979 trajectory, its gdp would be the largest in the middle east today and. More than 30 years have passed since 1979, the year when a selfstyled islamic revolution unfolded in iran.
The shah of iran and the iranian revolution of 1979 by. Ideology and irans revolution institute for global change. List of books and articles about iranian revolution online. That revolution was fought in the name of islam, with its traditional. The shahs plans for the westernization of iran finally pass through. Panelists reflect on the events that unfolded during the iranian revolution in 1979, how the united states responded, and the consequences for today. The islamic revolutionary guard corps irgc persian. Choose from 231 different sets of iranian revolution flashcards on quizlet. This outcome contrasts sharply with other modern revolutionary movements, which have been fought in the name of nationalism or socialism and which have concluded. We will then move on to situate the revolution in a global context.
Causes and consequences for regional stability leicester university dissertation. The revolution of 1979 ended the westernization and modernization of iran, and set up a traditional government and society based upon the koran. His message was distributed through music cassettes, which were smuggled into iran in small numbers, and then duplicated, and spread all around the country. Brief background information explains the underpinnings of the revolution and basic facts about islam. Mar 06, 2018 what caused the iranian revolution in 1979. Ruhollah khomeini ruhollah khomeini centre greeting supporters after returning to tehran, february 1979. Here is an overview of the events that led up to the iranian revolution, as well as the events in the revolution and the aftermath. Iranian revolution 1979 religious based revolution ayatollah a title of a religious leader khomeini descendant of the house of husayn judaism adonai yahweh torah written by prophets islam allah mecca mohammad visited by gabriel gave him the word of allah spoke in arabic lived in mecca quran koran written in arabic the literal word of god christianity.
I suppose we could talk about how economically the revolution and the subsequent events have been a disaster. What do iranians think about the 1979 islamic revolution. Edward said and the iranian revolution democratiya. Jun 26, 2009 clerical errors the conflict in tehran between liberals and clergy is the tragedy of modern iranian history. During the 1980s, the economic development of iran and iraq was disrupted because of. Two of those books were from the azari poet samad behrangi. Axworthy evokes the sound and fury of the revolution itself the cycle of fourthday.
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